Beginning from fundamentals of the wireless communications technology and then introducing CDMA basic theories, procedures of CDMA network planning and optimization, the effect of the interference to wireless communications networks, and so on, this book presents readers a complete knowledge system about CDMA network planning and optimization. The contents of this book mainly include: fundamentals of cellular mobile communications, introduction to CDMA technology, CDMA network planning, special topics on CDMA network planning, CDMA network optimization, special topics on CDMA network optimization, CDMA network simulation, interference, and introduction to ZTE’s ZXPOS series software tools for network planning and optimization.
This book contains rich information on CDMA network planning and optimization, with plenty of practical cases, tables, figures and pictures for clear explanation and easy reading.
This book can be referred to by CDMA network planning and optimization engineers, it can also serve as the reference for the professionals working in related fields.
1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Mobile Communications Technology
1.2 Concept of Cellular Network
1.2.1 Common and Cellular Communications Systems
1.2.2 Cell Characteristics
1.2.3 Cell Classification
1.3 Radio Propagation Basics
1.3.1 Large-scale Fading and Small-scale Fading
1.3.2 Propagation Mechanisms
1.3.3 Free Space Propagation and Line-of-sight Propagation
1.3.4 Path Loss Prediction Theory
1.4 Radio Propagation Models
1.4.1 Macro Cell Propagation Model
1.4.2 Micro Cell Propagation Model
1.4.3 Indoor Propagation Models
1.5 Antennas in Cellular Mobile Communications Systems
1.5.1 Major Antenna Parameters
1.5.2 Base Station Antennas
1.5.3 Mobile Terminal Antennas
1.5.4 Antenna Diversity
1.6 References
2 INTRODUCTION TO CDMA TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Evolution of CDMA Technology
2.2 Spread Spectrum System
2.2.1 Fundamentals
2.2.2 Major Performance Indexes
2.2.3 Mechanism
2.2.4 Modulation Modes
2.2.5 Features of Spread Spectrum Communication
2.3 Key Techniques in CDMA
2.3.1 Power Control
2.3.2 Soft Handoff
2.3.3 Diversity
2.3.4 Multi-User Detection (MUD)
2.4 CDMA System Channel Structure
2.4.1 Channel Structure in CDMA
2000 1X
2.4.2 Channel Structure in EV-DO
2.5 CDMA Spread Spectrum Sequence
2.5.1 Walsh Code
2.5.2 Pseudorandom Noise Sequence
2.6 References
3 CDMA NETWORK PLANNING
3.1 Network Planning Flow
3.1.1 Requirements and Basic Information Collection
3.1.2 Available Site Survey
3.1.3 Field Strength Test and Spectrum Scanning
3.1.4 Network Topology Design
3.1.5 Planned Site Survey and Validation
3.1.6 RF Parameters Setting
3.2 Coverage Planning
3.2.1 Coverage of the CDMA System
3.2.2 Coverage Planning Procedures
3.2.3 Comparison of Coverage between GSM and CDMA Systems
3.3 Capacity Planning
3.3.1 Capacity Prediction
3.3.2 Traffic Model
3.3.3 Capacity Calculation in CDMA2000 1X System
3.3.4 Capacity Planning Process
3.4 Network Topology Design
3.5 Selection of Networking Elements
3.5.1 Macro BTS
3.5.2 Micro BTS
3.5.3 Remote Radio Unit (RRU)
3.5.4 Repeater
3.5.5 Indoor Distribution System
3.6 Practical Experiences in Engineering
3.6.1 Experiences in Site Location Selection
3.6.2 Experiences in Antenna Selection
3.6.3 Key RF Parameters to be Set
3.7 References
4 SPECIAL TOPICS ON CDMA NETWORK PLANNING
4.1 Repeater Planning and Design
4.1.1 Overview of the Repeater
4.1.2 Mechanism of the Repeater
4.1.3 Repeater Networking Planning
4.1.4 Parameters Adjustment after Repeater Introduction
4.2 Design of Indoor Distribution System
4.2.1 Application Environments
4.2.2 Introduction of Signals
4.2.3 Allocation of Indoor Signals
4.2.4 Designing Process
4.2.5 Objectives of Indoor Distribution System Design
4.3 Multi-sector Networking
4.3.1 Analysis of Six-sector Networking Coverage
4.3.2 Influence of Six-sector Networking on System Capacity
4.3.3 Antenna Selection in Multi-sector Networking
4.3.4 Hybrid Networking of Six-sector and Three-sector Cells
4.4 Solutions to Special Coverage Requirements
4.4.1 Solution to Ultra-far Distance Coverage
4.4.2 Solution to Dense Residential Areas Coverage
4.4.3 Solution to High-rise Building Coverage
4.4.4 Solution to Crossroad Coverage
4.4.5 Solution to Emergency Communication
4.5 Solutions to Multi-carrier Networks
4.5.1 Dual-carrier Networking
4.5.2 Handoff Solutions for Dual-carrier Networks
4.5.3 Parameter Setting in Dual-carrier Network
4.6 References
5 CDMA NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
5.1 Overview
5.2 Network Optimization Contents
5.2.1 RF Optimization
5.2.2 Maintenance Optimization
5.3 Data Sources of Network Optimization
5.3.1 DT Data
5.3.2 CQT Data
5.3.3 OMC Data
5.4 Analysis Methods on Network Optimization Data
5.4.1 Definition
5.4.2 Brief Introduction to Common Analysis Methods
5.4.3 Application of Data Analysis Methods
6 SPECIAL TOPICS ON CDMA NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
6.1 Mobile Terminal Access Problems
6.1.1 Mechanisms of Access Problems
6.1.2 Practical Cases
6.1.3 Recommended Dealing Procedures on Terminal Access Problems
6.2 Voice Quality Problems
6.2.1 Monolog
6.2.2 Intermittent Voice
6.2.3 Cross-talking
6.2.4 Echo
6.2.5 Recommended Processing Procedures on Voice Quality Problems
6.3 Call Drop Problems
6.3.1 Mechanism of Dropped Calls
6.3.2 Causes and Cases
6.3.3 Recommended Processing Procedures on Call Drop Problems
6.4 Data Service Problems
6.4.1 Characteristics of Data Service Optimization
6.4.2 Low Data Rate on Forward Application Layer
6.4.3 Low Data Rate on Reverse Application Layer
6.4.4 Recommended Processing Procedures on Low Forward/Reverse Data Rate Problems
6.5 References
7 CDMA NETWORK SIMULATION
7.1 Overview
7.2 Fundamentals
7.3 Propagation Model Calibration
7.3.1 Data Collection
7.3.2 Data Processing
7.3.3 Data Analysis
7.3.4 Assessment Precision
7.4 Wireless Network Simulation Flow
7.4.1 Data Preparation
7.4.2 Path Loss Prediction
7.4.3 Traffic Distribution Creation
7.4.4 Wireless Network Simulation Analysis
7.4.5 Outputting Network Simulation Design Report
7.5 Quality Assessment on Wireless Network Simulation Design
7.5.1 Acquiring Network Performance Data
7.5.2 Comparison Analysis
7.5.3 Deduction on Network Simulation Quality
7.6 Simulation in Network Planning and Optimization
7.6.1 Network Topology Design
7.6.2 PN Planning
7.6.3 Neighbor Cell Planning
7.6.4 Network KPI Prediction
7.6.5 Pilot Pollution and Overshooting
7.6.6 Capacity Expansion and Coverage Issue
7.7 References
8 INTERFERENCE
8.1 Interference Classification
8.1.1 External Interference to CDMA System
8.1.2 Internal Interference to CDMA System
8.2 Effect of Interference on Network Coverage
8.2.1 Equivalent Calculation of External Interference
8.2.2 Calculation of the Equivalent Noise Figure
8.2.3 Effect of Noise Figure Increase on Coverage Radius and Area
8.2.4 Effect of Equivalent External Interference on Coverage Radius and Area
8.3 Effect of Interference on System Capacity
8.3.1 Capacity under no External Interference
8.3.2 Capacity under with External Interference
8.3.3 Supplementary Explanations
8.4 Inter-system Interference Analysis
8.4.1 Mathematical Model for Mutual Interference Calculation
8.4.2 Interference on CDMA and GSM Networks
8.4.3 Mutual Interference between CDMA and Other Systems
8.5 Interference Troubleshooting
9 INTRODUCTION TO ZTE’S ZXPOS SERIES SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR NETWORK
PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION
9.1 Overview
9.2 Members of ZXPOS Series Software Tools
9.2.1 ZXPOS CNP1
9.2.2 ZXPOS CNT1
9.2.3 ZXPOS CNA1
9.2.4 ZXPOS CNO1
9.3 Services on ZXPOS Provided by ZTE
APPENDIX INTRODUCTION TO ZTE TYPICAL CDMA BTS PRODUCTS AND CDMA NETWORK
PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION SERVICES
APPENDIX A TWO TYPILAL ZTE’S BTS PRODUCTS
A.1 ZTE All-IP CDMA2000 BTS Series: Compact BTS
A.2 All-IP CDMA2000 BTS Series: Micro BTS (EV-DO Rev A Technology Offerings)
APPENDIX B ZTE’S CDMA NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION SERVICES
B.1 Overview
B.2 Development of ZTE’s CDMA Network Planning and Optimization Services
B.3 Research Achievements and Project Management in CDMA Network Planning and Optimization Field
B.3.1 Research Achievements
B.3.2 Technical Knowledge Accumulation
B.3.3 Internal Journal
B.3.4 External Publication
B.3.5 Project Management
